1,120 research outputs found
Accumulation of Volatile Fatty Acids from Hydrothermally Treated Strawberry Extrudate through Anaerobic Fermentation at Different pH Values
The accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) through the anaerobic fermentation of
organic waste, such as strawberry extrudate, is proposed for this work. A hydrothermal treatment
was carried out, and it was proposed to break the complex matrix of the strawberry extrudate to
favour the hydrolysis stage of the anaerobic digestion process. The production of volatile fatty acids
from treated and untreated strawberry was evaluated by adjusting the pH to 5 and 9. After the
hydrothermal treatment of the strawberry extrudate, an increase in the solubilisation of organic matter,
such as sugars and phenols, was observed. In the production of VFAs by means of anaerobic digestion
of the pretreated strawberry extrudate, a significant increase in the accumulation of volatile fatty
acids was demonstrated at a pH of 9 with respect to the untreated strawberry extrudate. In addition,
the operational pH also had a strong effect on the individual VFA profile. A stream enriched in acetic
acid was obtained at a pH of 9 (around 65% of the VFAs), whereas the operation at a pH of 5 resulted
in a more complex composition with a high percentage of propionic acid (29% of the VFAs).Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (MICINN)
Spanish Government PID2020-116698RB-I0
Acid Hydrothermal Amendment of Grape Wine Pomace: Enhancement of Phenol and Carbohydrate Co-Solubilization
Fondecyt Postdoctorado, Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo de Chile, ANID 321062
Derecho a un juicio público, libertad de información y derechos al honor y a la vida privada: relaciones, conflictos, interferencias.
The publicity of criminal judicial proceedings appears as a construction
within the declaration of rights of those who face criminal charges. But this publicity
combined with freedom of information sets up risks for other rights such as the
violation of personal privacy, so much so for the accused or third parties -victims,
witnesses...- These pages analyse some of the consequences of these possible conflicts
of rights
Software tools for conducting bibliometric analysis in science: An up-to-date review
Bibliometrics has become an essential tool for assessing and analyzing the output of scientists, cooperation between
universities, the effect of state-owned science funding on national research and development performance and educational
efficiency, among other applications. Therefore, professionals and scientists need a range of theoretical and practical
tools to measure experimental data. This review aims to provide an up-to-date review of the various tools available
for conducting bibliometric and scientometric analyses, including the sources of data acquisition, performance analysis
and visualization tools. The included tools were divided into three categories: general bibliometric and performance
analysis, science mapping analysis, and libraries; a description of all of them is provided. A comparative analysis of the
database sources support, pre-processing capabilities, analysis and visualization options were also provided in order to
facilitate its understanding. Although there are numerous bibliometric databases to obtain data for bibliometric and
scientometric analysis, they have been developed for a different purpose. The number of exportable records is between
500 and 50,000 and the coverage of the different science fields is unequal in each database. Concerning the analyzed
tools, Bibliometrix contains the more extensive set of techniques and suitable for practitioners through Biblioshiny.
VOSviewer has a fantastic visualization and is capable of loading and exporting information from many sources. SciMAT
is the tool with a powerful pre-processing and export capability. In views of the variability of features, the users need to
decide the desired analysis output and chose the option that better fits into their aims
Epigenetics of Osteoporosis: Critical Analysis of Epigenetic Epidemiology Studies
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related disease with poorly understood pathogenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that miRNA might play a key role in OA initiation and development. We reviewed recent publications and elucidated the connection between miRNA and OA cartilage anabolic and catabolic signals, including four signaling pathways: TGF-ß/Smads and BMPs signaling, associated with cartilage anabolism; and MAPK and NF-KB signaling, associated with cartilage catabolism. We also explored the relationships with MMP, ADAMTS and NOS (NitricOxide Synthases) families, as well as with the catabolic cytokines IL-1 and TNF-a. The potential role of miRNAs in biological processes such as cartilage degeneration, chondrocyte proliferation, and differentiation is discussed. Collective evidence indicates that miRNAs play a critical role in cartilage degeneration. These findings will aid in understanding the molecular network that governs articular cartilage homeostasis and in to elucidate the role of miRNA in the pathogenesis of O
Dynamic Importance Sampling in Bayesian Networks Based on Probability Trees
In this paper we introduce a new dynamic importance sampling propagation algorithm for Bayesian networks. Importance sampling is based on using an auxiliary sampling distribution from which a set of con gurations of the variables in the network is drawn, and the performance of the algorithm depends on the variance of the weights associated with the simulated con gurations. The basic idea of dynamic importance sampling is to use the simulation of a con guration to modify the sampling
distribution in order to improve its quality and so reducing the variance of the future weights. The paper shows that this can be achieved with a low computational effort. The experiments carried out show that the nal results can be very good even in the case that the initial sampling distribution is far away from the optimum
Use of Anthracophyllum discolor and Stereum hirsutum as a Suitable Strategy for Delignification and Phenolic Removal of Olive Mill Solid Waste
This study evaluated the use of the white-rot fungi (WRF) Anthracophyllum discolor and
Stereum hirsutum as a biological pretreatment for olive mill solid mill waste (OMSW). The WRF
strains proposed were added directly to OMSW. The assays consisted of determining the need to
add supplementary nutrients, an exogenous carbon source or use agitation systems, and evaluating
WRF growth, enzyme activity, phenolic compound removal and lignin degradation. The highest
ligninolytic enzyme activity was found at day 10, reaching 176.7 U/L of manganese-independent
peroxidase (MniP) produced by A. discolor, and the highest phenolic removal (more than 80% with
both strains) was reached after 24 days of incubation. The confocal laser scanning microscopy
analysis (CLSM) confirmed lignin degradation through the drop in lignin relative fluorescence units
(RFU) from 3967 for untreated OMSW to 235 and 221 RFU, showing a lignin relative degradation of
94.1% and 94.4% after 24 days of treatment by A. discolor and S. hirsutum, respectively. The results
demonstrate for the first time that A. discolor and S. hirsutum were able to degrade lignin and remove
phenolic compounds from OMSW using this as the sole substrate without adding other nutrients or
using agitation systems. This work indicates that it could be possible to design an in situ pretreatment
of the valorization of OMSW, avoiding complex systems or transportation. In this sense, future
research under non-sterile conditions is needed to evaluate the competition of WRF with other
microorganisms present in the OMSW. The main drawbacks of this work are associated with both
the low reaction time and the water addition. However, OMSW is seasonal waste produced in one
season per year, being stored for a long time. In terms of water addition, the necessary optimization
will be addressed in future research.Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT)
CONICYT FONDECYT 1191230Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo de Chile, ANI
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